AI Glossary

The number of a model's internal variables (weights); it tends to be an indicator of its size and capacity.

Legal protection of a technical solution that meets the statutory conditions.

Harm expressible in monetary terms suffered by the injured party as a result of a certain event, for example the failure of an AI system.

Simulated attacks used to verify the security of a system.

An AI search engine combining language models with internet search and the citing of information sources.

Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person; its processing in the development and operation of AI is subject to data protection rules.

An entity that processes personal data on behalf of the controller.

Personality rights protecting a person's identity, likeness, privacy, and dignity.

Protected works obtained from illegal sources and used for training; the mere downloading and retention of such copies has been assessed by courts more strictly than the training itself.

The first making available of an AI system on the Union market, whether for payment or free of charge.

The unauthorized appropriation of the authorship of another person's work or a substantial part of it.

We explore where the line between inspiration and plagiarism lies in our article Robbing a work is not inspiration!

An agent specializing in breaking a goal down into sub-steps and assembling a procedure for carrying them out.

Methods that seek to clarify after the fact why a model arrived at a particular output, without themselves changing its internal functioning.

A documented procedure by which the provider systematically monitors the functioning of a high-risk system after deployment and evaluates newly identified risks.

Ongoing monitoring of an AI system's functioning after it has been placed on the market.

A documented procedure by which the provider systematically monitors the functioning of a high-risk system after deployment and evaluates newly identified risks.

The use of AI to predict the likelihood that a specific person will commit a crime; in certain forms prohibited as incompatible with the presumption of innocence.

A court order requiring an AI company to preserve and segregate records (logs) of a system's outputs as potential evidence. In NYT v. OpenAI, the court ordered ChatGPT logs to be preserved and later allowed routine deletion to resume.

A tool that makes it easier for an injured party to prove the relationship between a failure of an AI system and the resulting harm where it is difficult to explain the internal workings of the system.

A legal effect whereby a system meeting a harmonized standard is deemed to comply with the corresponding requirements of the regulation until the contrary is proven.

A legal presumption that an entity meets certain requirements if it complies with harmonized standards.

The initial phase of training a model on a large general corpus of data, followed by fine-tuning for specific tasks or behaviors.

Any operation performed on personal data, such as collection, storage, sorting, or deletion.

A special liability regime for harm caused by a defective product.

A process in which an already supplied AI system is withdrawn from users due to identified risks or non-conformity.

Liability arising from the pursuit of a professional or business activity.

The automated processing of personal data to evaluate certain aspects of a person.

Practices that are entirely prohibited by the AI Act, such as subliminal manipulation, certain forms of social scoring, and prohibited biometric categorization.

An instruction given by a user to an artificial intelligence system in order to produce an output.

The storing of repeatedly used parts of an input in order to speed up and reduce the cost of subsequent queries to the model.